For the first time, physicists have built a working version of quantum mechanics without complex numbers — numbers that have been considered essential to the theory for nearly a century. Complex ...

New research shows that imaginary numbers are not just convenient, they might be a fundamentally necessary part of quantum theory Imaginary numbers are a fundamentally necessary part of quantum theory ...

"Hearst Magazines and AOL may earn commission or revenue on some items through these links." Here’s what you’ll learn when you read this story: In a newly published study in the journal Physical ...

Randomness is incredibly useful. People often draw straws, throw dice or flip coins to make fair choices. Random numbers can enable auditors to make completely unbiased selections. Randomness is also ...

Scientists have a history of trying — and failing — to link biology and quantum mechanics. The real connection between them may be in the math.