Do you remember when we used multi-protocol routing for IPX, AppleTalk, and TCP/IP running on the same network? In the 1980s and early 1990s many enterprises had multiple protocols running on the ...

In the last newsletter, we began a discussion of TCP/IP and its 25th anniversary. One of the major shifts that IP brought about, of course, was the move from connection-oriented to connectionless ...

Have you ever performed surgery on data packets? There are times when that may be the best way to troubleshoot and optimize your network. This edition of the Packet Professor will get you started in ...

A communications architecture that requires the establishment of a session between two nodes before transmission can begin. When the communications is completed, the session is ended (torn down). All ...

Getting a handle on the invisible part of your network—the protocols that are in use—can be of enormous value in helping you detect problems. So far, we've talked about the tangibles of your ...

According to the OSI Model, the session layer is where connections are established, managed, and torn down. For connection-oriented network protocols, understanding how the session layer works, and ...

A fascinating article from Philip N. Howard at George Washington University asserts that the number of connected devices surpassed the number of people on the planet in 2014 (Fig. 1). The author ...