Imputation methods provide essential statistical tools for addressing missing data, thereby minimising bias and enhancing the reliability of parameter estimates. In statistical estimation, missing ...

Missing data are almost inevitable in medical research. This leads to a loss of power and potential bias. Multiple imputation is a widely-used and flexible approach for handling missing data. This ...

Using Kalman equations, we derive straightforward formulas for the total imputation variance for several imputation methods commonly used in regression analysis and (un)equal probability sampling ...