Nearly 60 years ago, Alan Turing showed theoretically how two chemical species, termed morphogens, diffusing and reacting with each other can generate spatial patterns. Diffusion plays a crucial part ...

IN 1935, Alan Turing set out to build a reputation by outflanking the world’s leading mathematician. Turing was 22 years old, and a new fellow at Cambridge. His target, David Hilbert, was the ...

In the 1980s, Andrew Barto and Rich Sutton were considered eccentric devotees to an elegant but ultimately doomed idea—having machines learn, as humans and animals do, from experience. Decades on, ...

In March 1935, the economist John Maynard Keynes wrote a letter to his wife about an exceptional young mind he had encountered at the University of Cambridge’s King’s College. “I had to lunch today ...

Charles Darwin and Alan Turing, in their different ways, both homed in on the same idea: the existence of competence without comprehension. Some of the greatest, most revolutionary advances in science ...

DURING the 20th century, any book calling itself The Turing Guide would have been inconceivable. But in 2017 we have a massive and extraordinarily wide-ranging volume about the life, work and ...