Abstract: Hierarchical Federated Learning (HFL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for distributed machine learning in edge computing environments. By introducing intermediate edge servers between ...

Precise retinal vasculature segmentation is critical for diagnosing various ophthalmological diseases, yet inherent challenges persist due to the complex multi-scale intricacy of vascular structure.

Israel faced a dramatic escalation after Iran launched a new wave of missile strikes toward Tel Aviv, with reports that at least one ballistic missile carried a cluster warhead designed to disperse ...

Abstract: Dempster–Shafer (DS) evidence theory provides a powerful framework for modeling uncertainty, reasoning, and combining information from multiple sources. However, it may yield ...