It’s a familiar moment in math class—students are asked to solve a problem, and some jump in confidently while others freeze, unsure where to begin. When students don’t yet have a clear mental model ...

TV networks and sports leagues rely heavily on Nielsen to to tell them how many people at home watch football games, tennis matches and auto races. Counting viewers in bars, hotels and offices? That ...

Abstract: Toffoli gates are an important primitive in reversible Boolean logic. In quantum computation, these Toffoli gates are composed using other elementary gates, most notably the Clifford+T basis ...